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This suggested edit was approved and applied to the post over 3 years ago by DNB‭.

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If Alice must've have classes on at least 2 days, why do you need the intersection of 3 $A_i^C$'s?
  • Can someone please rectify my MathJax? Please see the red phrase below. If Alice must've classes on at least 2 days, then don't we need just the first 2 summations $\sum\limits_i P(A_i^C) - \sum\limits_{i < j} P(A_i^C \cap A_j^C)$? Why do we need $\sum\limits_{i < j<k} P(A_i^C \cap A_j^C \cap A_k^C) $?
  • Blitzstein, *Introduction to Probability* (2019 2 ed) Ch 1, Exercise 54, p 51.
  • >Alice attends a small college in which each class meets only once a week. She is
  • deciding between 30 non-overlapping classes. There are 6 classes to choose from for each
  • day of the week, Monday through Friday. Trusting in the benevolence of randomness,
  • Alice decides to register for 7 randomly selected classes out of the 30, with all choices
  • equally likely. What is the probability that she will have classes every day, Monday
  • through Friday? (This problem can be done either directly using the naive de nition of
  • probability, or using inclusion-exclusion.)
  • I modified the solution in the Selected Solutions PDF, p 8.
  • >### Inclusion-Exclusion Method
  • >We will use inclusion-exclusion to find the probability of
  • the complement, which is the event that she has at least one day with no classes. Let $A_i$ be the event of having at least one class on the $i^{th}$ day of the week. So $A_1$ means not having any classes on Mondays. $\cup A_i^C$ means there's at least one day with no classes.
  • >Then $P(\cup\limits_{i = 5} A_i^C) = \sum\limits_i P(A_i^C) - \sum\limits_{i < j} P(A_i^C \cap A_j^C) + \sum\limits_{i < j<k} P(A_i^C \cap A_j^C \cap A_k^C) $
  • >$\color{red}{\text{(terms with the intersection of 4 or more $A_i^C$'s are not needed since Alice must have
  • classes on at least 2 days)}}$. We have
  • >$P(A_1^C) = \dfrac{\dbinom{24}{7}}{\dbinom{30}{7}}, P(A_1^C \cap A_2^C) = \dfrac{\dbinom{18}{7}}{\dbinom{30}{7}}, P(A_1^C \cap A_2^C \cap A_3^C) = \dfrac{\dbinom{12}{7}}{\dbinom{30}{7}} $
  • >and similarly for the other intersections. So $P(\cup\limits_{i = 5} A_i^C) = 5\dfrac{\dbinom{24}{7}}{\dbinom{30}{7}} - \dbinom{5}{2} \dfrac{\dbinom{18}{7}}{\dbinom{30}{7} + \dbinom{5}{3} \dfrac{\dbinom{12}{7}}{\dbinom{30}{7} = \dfrac{263}{377}$.
  • >Therefore, $P(\cap\limits_{i = 5} A_i^C) = \dfrac{114}{377}$.
  • Can someone please rectify my MathJax? Please see the red phrase below. If Alice must've classes on at least 2 days, then don't we need just the first 2 summations $\sum\limits_i P(A_i^C) - \sum\limits_{i < j} P(A_i^C \cap A_j^C)$? Why do we need $\sum\limits_{i < j<k} P(A_i^C \cap A_j^C \cap A_k^C) $?
  • Blitzstein, *Introduction to Probability* (2019 2 ed) Ch 1, Exercise 54, p 51.
  • >Alice attends a small college in which each class meets only once a week. She is
  • deciding between 30 non-overlapping classes. There are 6 classes to choose from for each
  • day of the week, Monday through Friday. Trusting in the benevolence of randomness,
  • Alice decides to register for 7 randomly selected classes out of the 30, with all choices
  • equally likely. What is the probability that she will have classes every day, Monday
  • through Friday? (This problem can be done either directly using the naive de nition of
  • probability, or using inclusion-exclusion.)
  • I modified the solution in the Selected Solutions PDF, p 8.
  • >### Inclusion-Exclusion Method
  • >We will use inclusion-exclusion to find the probability of
  • the complement, which is the event that she has at least one day with no classes. Let $A_i$ be the event of having at least one class on the $i^{th}$ day of the week. So $A_1$ means not having any classes on Mondays. $\cup A_i^C$ means there's at least one day with no classes.
  • >Then $P(\cup\lim_{i = 5} A_i^C) = \sum\limits_i P(A_i^C) - \sum\limits_{i < j} P(A_i^C \cap A_j^C) + \sum\limits_{i < j<k} P(A_i^C \cap A_j^C \cap A_k^C) $
  • >$\color{red}{\text{(terms with the intersection of 4 or more $A_i^C$'s are not needed since Alice must have
  • classes on at least 2 days)}}$. We have
  • >$P(A_1^C) = \dfrac{\dbinom{24}{7}}{\dbinom{30}{7}}, P(A_1^C \cap A_2^C) = \dfrac{\dbinom{18}{7}}{\dbinom{30}{7}}, P(A_1^C \cap A_2^C \cap A_3^C) = \dfrac{\dbinom{12}{7}}{\dbinom{30}{7}} $
  • >and similarly for the other intersections. So $P(\cup\limits_{i = 5} A_i^C) = 5\dfrac{\dbinom{24}{7}}{\dbinom{30}{7}} - \dbinom{5}{2} \dfrac{\dbinom{18}{7}}{\dbinom{30}{7} + \dbinom{5}{3} \dfrac{\dbinom{12}{7}}{\dbinom{30}{7} = \dfrac{263}{377}$.
  • >Therefore, $P(\cap\lim_{i = 5} A_i^C) = \dfrac{114}{377}$.

Suggested over 3 years ago by deleted user