I'm not a mathematician so maybe I'm missing something, but I would think that "When I see a problem like this, what methods or theorems should I think of to solve it?" would be an appropriate type of question. It starts with a problem and asks not for a formula or proof but, instead, methods. Similar questions on Software Development, Tabletop RPGs, and Cooking have done ok, from what I've seen.
(The philosophy question you posed sounds broader to me but, again, I am not an expert.)
Each Codidact community gets to decide what kinds of content it wants to support. It's ok if communities on our network take different approaches. We also have a tool not available on SE, categories, which allows for high-level separation of types of content, if the community wants to have that separation. Physics, for example, has a [Problems](https://physics.codidact.com/categories/59) category, for attempted solutions to problems. If Mathematics wants to have philosophy questions (which will be more open-ended and opinion-based) but wants to separate them, we can set that up for you.
I'm offering options, not trying to push in a particular direction. Codidact communities have more flexibility available than SE ones; y'all can take advantage of that if you want. We'll be happy to help with details and suggestions, but it's your decision, not ours, how the community is set up.