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Q&A Why are you permitted to define $1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + . . .$?

1 answer  ·  posted 3y ago by Chgg Clou‭  ·  last activity 3y ago by JRN‭

Question number-theory
#3: Post edited by user avatar Chgg Clou‭ · 2021-06-05T07:54:43Z (over 3 years ago)
  • Why are you permitted to define $1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + . . .$, rather than unearth its intrinsic meaning?
  • Why are you permitted to define $1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + . . .$?
  • Please see the embold phrase below. The best way to showcase my confusion, is to burlesque the Riemann Hypothesis. If Hardy and humans can simply define $1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + . . .$, why not just define $\zeta(s)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\dfrac{1}{n^s} := 1/2$? Then problem solved! LOL!
  • >&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; The tradition is called “formalism.” It’s what G. H. Hardy was talking
  • about when he remarked, admiringly, that mathematicians of the nineteenth
  • century finally began to ask what things like
  • >$1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + . . .$
  • >**should be _defined_ to be, rather than what they _were_.** In this way they
  • avoided the “unnecessary perplexities” that had dogged the mathematicians of
  • earlier times. In the purest version of this view, mathematics becomes a kind
  • of game played with symbols and words. A statement is a theorem precisely if
  • it follows by logical steps from the axioms. But what the axioms and
  • theorems refer to, what they _mean_, is up for grabs. What is a Point, or a Line, or a frog, or a kumquat? It can be anything that behaves the way the axioms
  • demand, and the meaning we should choose is whichever one suits our present
  • needs. A purely formal geometry is a geometry you can in principle do
  • without ever having seen or imagined a point or a line; it is a geometry in
  • which it’s irrelevant what points and lines, understood in the usual way, are
  • actually like.
  • Ellenberg, *How Not to Be Wrong* (2014), page 400.
  • Please see the embold phrase below. Why doesn't $1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + . . .$ possess an intrinsic, Platonic objective meaning? The best way to showcase my confusion, is to burlesque the Riemann Hypothesis. If Hardy and humans can simply define $1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + . . .$, why not just define $\zeta(s)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\dfrac{1}{n^s} := 1/2$? Then problem solved! LOL!
  • >&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; The tradition is called “formalism.” It’s what G. H. Hardy was talking
  • about when he remarked, admiringly, that mathematicians of the nineteenth
  • century finally began to ask what things like
  • >$1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + . . .$
  • >**should be _defined_ to be, rather than what they _were_.** In this way they
  • avoided the “unnecessary perplexities” that had dogged the mathematicians of
  • earlier times. In the purest version of this view, mathematics becomes a kind
  • of game played with symbols and words. A statement is a theorem precisely if
  • it follows by logical steps from the axioms. But what the axioms and
  • theorems refer to, what they _mean_, is up for grabs. What is a Point, or a Line, or a frog, or a kumquat? It can be anything that behaves the way the axioms
  • demand, and the meaning we should choose is whichever one suits our present
  • needs. A purely formal geometry is a geometry you can in principle do
  • without ever having seen or imagined a point or a line; it is a geometry in
  • which it’s irrelevant what points and lines, understood in the usual way, are
  • actually like.
  • Ellenberg, *How Not to Be Wrong* (2014), page 400.
#2: Post edited by user avatar Chgg Clou‭ · 2021-06-05T07:50:52Z (over 3 years ago)
  • The best way to showcase my confusion, is to burlesque the Riemann Hypothesis. If Hardy and humans can simply define $1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + . . .$, why not just define $\zeta(s)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\dfrac{1}{n^s} := 1/2$? Then problem solved! LOL!
  • >&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; The tradition is called “formalism.” It’s what G. H. Hardy was talking
  • about when he remarked, admiringly, that mathematicians of the nineteenth
  • century finally began to ask what things like
  • >$1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + . . .$
  • >should be _defined_ to be, rather than what they _were_. In this way they
  • avoided the “unnecessary perplexities” that had dogged the mathematicians of
  • earlier times. In the purest version of this view, mathematics becomes a kind
  • of game played with symbols and words. A statement is a theorem precisely if
  • it follows by logical steps from the axioms. But what the axioms and
  • theorems refer to, what they _mean_, is up for grabs. What is a Point, or a Line, or a frog, or a kumquat? It can be anything that behaves the way the axioms
  • demand, and the meaning we should choose is whichever one suits our present
  • needs. A purely formal geometry is a geometry you can in principle do
  • without ever having seen or imagined a point or a line; it is a geometry in
  • which it’s irrelevant what points and lines, understood in the usual way, are
  • actually like.
  • Ellenberg, *How Not to Be Wrong* (2014), page 400.
  • Please see the embold phrase below. The best way to showcase my confusion, is to burlesque the Riemann Hypothesis. If Hardy and humans can simply define $1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + . . .$, why not just define $\zeta(s)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\dfrac{1}{n^s} := 1/2$? Then problem solved! LOL!
  • >&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; The tradition is called “formalism.” It’s what G. H. Hardy was talking
  • about when he remarked, admiringly, that mathematicians of the nineteenth
  • century finally began to ask what things like
  • >$1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + . . .$
  • >**should be _defined_ to be, rather than what they _were_.** In this way they
  • avoided the “unnecessary perplexities” that had dogged the mathematicians of
  • earlier times. In the purest version of this view, mathematics becomes a kind
  • of game played with symbols and words. A statement is a theorem precisely if
  • it follows by logical steps from the axioms. But what the axioms and
  • theorems refer to, what they _mean_, is up for grabs. What is a Point, or a Line, or a frog, or a kumquat? It can be anything that behaves the way the axioms
  • demand, and the meaning we should choose is whichever one suits our present
  • needs. A purely formal geometry is a geometry you can in principle do
  • without ever having seen or imagined a point or a line; it is a geometry in
  • which it’s irrelevant what points and lines, understood in the usual way, are
  • actually like.
  • Ellenberg, *How Not to Be Wrong* (2014), page 400.
#1: Initial revision by user avatar Chgg Clou‭ · 2021-06-05T07:50:25Z (over 3 years ago)
Why are you permitted to define $1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + . . .$, rather than unearth its intrinsic meaning?
The best way to showcase my confusion, is to burlesque the Riemann Hypothesis. If Hardy and humans can simply define $1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + . . .$, why not just define $\zeta(s)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\dfrac{1}{n^s}  := 1/2$? Then problem solved! LOL!

>&nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp;  The tradition is called “formalism.” It’s what G. H. Hardy was talking
about when he remarked, admiringly, that mathematicians of the nineteenth
century finally began to ask what things like

>$1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + . . .$

>should be _defined_ to be, rather than what they _were_. In this way they
avoided the “unnecessary perplexities” that had dogged the mathematicians of
earlier times. In the purest version of this view, mathematics becomes a kind
of game played with symbols and words. A statement is a theorem precisely if
it follows by logical steps from the axioms. But what the axioms and
theorems refer to, what they _mean_, is up for grabs. What is a Point, or a Line, or a frog, or a kumquat? It can be anything that behaves the way the axioms
demand, and the meaning we should choose is whichever one suits our present
needs. A purely formal geometry is a geometry you can in principle do
without ever having seen or imagined a point or a line; it is a geometry in
which it’s irrelevant what points and lines, understood in the usual way, are
actually like.

Ellenberg, *How Not to Be Wrong* (2014), page 400.