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Complex functions and inner product $\langle \frac{\partial f}{\partial z} , g\rangle $
  • I'm working through this academic paper : stability of the soljutions of differential equations whose author is Bernard Beauzamy. [A link to paper](https://typeset.io/pdf/stability-of-the-solutions-of-differential-equations-2byjzvdtk5.pdf)
  • In the academic paper, it work with the next norm
  • \begin{equation*}
  • \left\Vert f\right\Vert= \left( \int_{0}^{\infty}\int_{0}^{2\pi} e^{-r^2} |f(re^{i\theta})|^2 r dr\frac{d\theta}{\pi} \right)^{1/2}
  • \end{equation*}
  • for analytic polynomials
  • and the scalar product associated is
  • \begin{equation*}
  • <f,g>= \int_{0}^{\infty}\int_{0}^{2\pi} e^{-r^2}f(re^{i\theta})\overline{g(re^{i\theta})} r dr\frac{d\theta}{\pi}
  • \end{equation*}
  • The lemma that i'm trying to check say the following
  • For any f,g and $\mathcal{P}_2$
  • \begin{equation*}
  • \langle \frac{\partial f}{\partial z} , g angle =\langle f, zg angle \qquad \langle zf,g angle =\langle f, \frac{\partial g}{\partial z} angle
  • \end{equation*}
  • the functions f and g are given by
  • \begin{equation*}
  • f(z) = \sum_{j=0}^{\infty} a_j z^j, \quad g(z) = \sum_{j=0}^{\infty} b_j z^j.
  • \end{equation*}
  • The derivative of f with respect to z is
  • \begin{equation*}
  • \frac{\partial f}{\partial z} = \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} a_j j z^{j-1}.
  • \end{equation*}
  • so the scalar product is
  • \begin{align*}
  • \langle \frac{\partial f}{\partial z}, g angle &= \int_{0}^{\infty} \int_{0}^{2\pi} e^{-r^2} \left(\sum_{j=1}^{\infty} a_j j (re^{i\theta})^{j-1} ight) \overline{\left(\sum_{k=0}^{\infty} b_k (re^{i\theta})^k ight)} r \, dr \, \frac{d\theta}{\pi} \\
  • &= \int_{0}^{\infty} \int_{0}^{2\pi} e^{-r^2} \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} a_j j r^{j-1} e^{i(j-1)\theta} \overline{b_k} r^k e^{-ik\theta} r \, dr \, \frac{d\theta}{\pi} \\
  • &= \int_{0}^{\infty} \int_{0}^{2\pi} e^{-r^2} \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} a_j \overline{b_k} j r^{j+k} e^{i(j-k-1)\theta} r \, dr \, \frac{d\theta}{\pi}.
  • \end{align*}
  • \begin{equation*}
  • \int_{0}^{2\pi} e^{i(j-k-1)\theta} \frac{d\theta}{\pi} = \begin{cases}
  • 1 & \text{if } j = k+1, \\
  • 0 & \text{if } j \neq k+1.
  • \end{cases}
  • \end{equation*}
  • Hence
  • \begin{align*}
  • \langle \frac{\partial f}{\partial z}, g angle &= \int_{0}^{\infty} e^{-r^2} \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} a_{k+1} \overline{b_k} (k+1) r^{2k+3} r \, dr \\
  • &= \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} a_{k+1} \overline{b_k} (k+1) \int_{0}^{\infty} e^{-r^2} r^{2k+3} dr.
  • \end{align*}
  • The other scalar product is
  • \begin{align*}
  • \langle f, zg angle &= \int_{0}^{\infty} \int_{0}^{2\pi} e^{-r^2} \left(\sum_{j=0}^{\infty} a_j (re^{i\theta})^j ight) \overline{\left(\sum_{k=0}^{\infty} b_k r^{k+1} e^{i(k+1)\theta} ight)} r \, dr \, \frac{d\theta}{\pi} \\
  • &= \int_{0}^{\infty} \int_{0}^{2\pi} e^{-r^2} \sum_{j=0}^{\infty} \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} a_j \overline{b_k} r^{j+k+1} e^{i(j-k-1)\theta} r \, dr \, \frac{d\theta}{\pi}.
  • \end{align*}
  • Again, integrating over $ \theta $ and j=k+1
  • \begin{align*}
  • \langle f, zg angle &= \int_{0}^{\infty} e^{-r^2} \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} a_{k+1} \overline{b_k} r^{2k+3} r \, dr \\
  • &= \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} a_{k+1} \overline{b_k} \int_{0}^{\infty} e^{-r^2} r^{2k+3} dr.
  • \end{align*}
  • \begin{align*}
  • \langle \frac{\partial f}{\partial z}, g angle &= \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} a_{k+1} \overline{b_k} (k+1) \int_{0}^{\infty} e^{-r^2} r^{2k+3} dr, \\
  • \langle f, zg \rangle &= \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} a_{k+1} \overline{b_k} \int_{0}^{\infty} e^{-r^2} r^{2k+3} dr.
  • \end{align*}
  • These are not equal due to the factor (k+1) present in $\langle \frac{\partial f}{\partial z}, g angle $. So i don't know where is the fail.
  • I'm working through this academic paper: *Stability of the Solutions of Differential Equations* whose author is Bernard Beauzamy. [A link to paper](https://typeset.io/pdf/stability-of-the-solutions-of-differential-equations-2byjzvdtk5.pdf).
  • In the academic paper, it works with the norm
  • \begin{equation*}
  • \left\Vert f\right\Vert= \left( \int_{0}^{\infty}\int_{0}^{2\pi} e^{-r^2} |f(re^{i\theta})|^2 r dr\frac{d\theta}{\pi} \right)^{1/2}
  • \end{equation*}
  • for analytic polynomials
  • and the scalar product associated is
  • \begin{equation*}
  • \langle f,g\rangle= \int_{0}^{\infty}\int_{0}^{2\pi} e^{-r^2}f(re^{i\theta})\overline{g(re^{i\theta})} r dr\frac{d\theta}{\pi}
  • \end{equation*}
  • The lemma that I'm trying to check says the following:
  • For any $f$, $g$ in $\mathcal{P}_2$
  • \begin{equation*}
  • \left\langle \frac{\partial f}{\partial z} , g ight\rangle = \langle f, zg angle \qquad \langle zf,g angle = \left\langle f, \frac{\partial g}{\partial z} ight\rangle
  • \end{equation*}
  • the functions $f$ and $g$ are given by
  • \begin{equation*}
  • f(z) = \sum_{j=0}^{\infty} a_j z^j, \quad g(z) = \sum_{j=0}^{\infty} b_j z^j.
  • \end{equation*}
  • The derivative of $f$ with respect to $z$ is
  • \begin{equation*}
  • \frac{\partial f}{\partial z} = \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} a_j j z^{j-1}.
  • \end{equation*}
  • so the scalar product is
  • \begin{align*}
  • \left\langle \frac{\partial f}{\partial z}, g ight\rangle &= \int_{0}^{\infty} \int_{0}^{2\pi} e^{-r^2} \left(\sum_{j=1}^{\infty} a_j j (re^{i\theta})^{j-1} ight) \overline{\left(\sum_{k=0}^{\infty} b_k (re^{i\theta})^k ight)} r \\, dr \\, \frac{d\theta}{\pi} \\\\
  • &= \int_{0}^{\infty} \int_{0}^{2\pi} e^{-r^2} \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} a_j j r^{j-1} e^{i(j-1)\theta} \overline{b_k} r^k e^{-ik\theta} r \\, dr \\, \frac{d\theta}{\pi} \\\\
  • &= \int_{0}^{\infty} \int_{0}^{2\pi} e^{-r^2} \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} a_j \overline{b_k} j r^{j+k} e^{i(j-k-1)\theta} r \\, dr \\, \frac{d\theta}{\pi}.
  • \end{align*}
  • \begin{equation*}
  • \int_{0}^{2\pi} e^{i(j-k-1)\theta} \frac{d\theta}{\pi} = \begin{cases}
  • 1 & \text{if } j = k+1, \\\\
  • 0 & \text{if } j \neq k+1.
  • \end{cases}
  • \end{equation*}
  • Hence
  • \begin{align*}
  • \left\langle \frac{\partial f}{\partial z}, g ight\rangle &= \int_{0}^{\infty} e^{-r^2} \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} a_{k+1} \overline{b_k} (k+1) r^{2k+3} r \\, dr \\\\
  • &= \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} a_{k+1} \overline{b_k} (k+1) \int_{0}^{\infty} e^{-r^2} r^{2k+3} dr.
  • \end{align*}
  • The other scalar product is
  • \begin{align*}
  • \langle f, zg angle &= \int_{0}^{\infty} \int_{0}^{2\pi} e^{-r^2} \left(\sum_{j=0}^{\infty} a_j (re^{i\theta})^j ight) \overline{\left(\sum_{k=0}^{\infty} b_k r^{k+1} e^{i(k+1)\theta} ight)} r \\, dr \\, \frac{d\theta}{\pi} \\\\
  • &= \int_{0}^{\infty} \int_{0}^{2\pi} e^{-r^2} \sum_{j=0}^{\infty} \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} a_j \overline{b_k} r^{j+k+1} e^{i(j-k-1)\theta} r \\, dr \\, \frac{d\theta}{\pi}.
  • \end{align*}
  • Again, integrating over $\theta$ and $j=k+1$
  • \begin{align*}
  • \langle f, zg angle &= \int_{0}^{\infty} e^{-r^2} \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} a_{k+1} \overline{b_k} r^{2k+3} r \\, dr \\\\
  • &= \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} a_{k+1} \overline{b_k} \int_{0}^{\infty} e^{-r^2} r^{2k+3} dr.
  • \end{align*}
  • \begin{align*}
  • \langle \frac{\partial f}{\partial z}, g angle &= \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} a_{k+1} \overline{b_k} (k+1) \int_{0}^{\infty} e^{-r^2} r^{2k+3} dr, \\\\
  • \langle f, zg \rangle &= \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} a_{k+1} \overline{b_k} \int_{0}^{\infty} e^{-r^2} r^{2k+3} dr.
  • \end{align*}
  • These are not equal due to the factor $(k+1)$ present in $\left\langle \frac{\partial f}{\partial z}, g ight\rangle$. So I don't know where the error is.

Suggested 4 months ago by Derek Elkins‭